Hydraulic motor and pump



April 25, 1939. H, THoMA HYDRAULIC MOTOR AND PUMP Filed April 20, 1955 7 Sheets-Sheet l @SIM /Scr'l-ORNEYi April 25, 1939. H THQMA I 2,155,455

v HYDRAULIC MOTOR AND PUMP I ww: I

April 25,1939. THOMA Y '2,155,455

YDRAULIC MOTOR AND ,PUMP

April 25, 1939. H- THO'MA 2,155,455

I HYDRAULIC MToR AND .PUMP

Filed April 20, 1955 7 sheets-sheet 4 Jag/4 :727/5 l BYHQM ATi-ORNE April 25, 1939. l HQ THQMA 2,155,455

@HYDRAULIC MOTOR Amrum? Filed April 20, 1 935 7 Sheets-Shed, 5

|NVENTOR y //A/v5 fifa/7A ATTORNEYS' April 25, 1939. H. THoMA 27,155,455 HYDRAULIC MOTOR Arx-Drum? Filed April 20,1935 7 sheets-sheet e ATTORNEY' 25, 1939 l' H. 'rHoMA l HYDRAULIC MOTOR AND--PUMP FiledApril 2o, 1955 v sheets-sheet 7 Patented Apr. 25, 1939 Unirse srras ,RAULIC MOTOR AND Film Hans Thoma, Karlsruhe, Germany Application 19 Claims.

v cylinder type. such :as shown in U. S. patent to Janney 1,020,285, or of the oscillatable cylinder v type such as shown in applicants U. S. Patent 1,931,969, although certain features of the present invention are applicable in machinery generally.

Among the objects of the present invention is to improve the construction of the co-acting surfaces of the cylinder blockand stator; to provide an improved thrust bearing; to vprovide means for lubricating the connecting rod bearings by the application of oil under pressure at a time when the bearings are not under load; to automatically control the pressure of said lubricating oil; to improve the pistonsof such and other de vioes by causing the pressure of the uid utilized therein to automatically balance the pistons against the action of centrifugal and other forces; and togenerally improve such hydraulic I devices.

Other objects will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the attached drawings showing several illustrative embodiments of the invention and wherein: Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal section of one form of embodiment;

Fig. 1A shows a detail of a modification of the form shown in IFig. 1;

Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal cross-section taken on a plane at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 1, and showing a modied form of thrust bearing;

Fig.'3 is a cross-section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig.- 2, looking in the directionof the arrows, the `six sectors, A, B, C, D, E, and F, showing various modied forms;

Fig. 4 is an end 'view of the cylinder block as seen on the line 3-'3 of Fig. 2 looking in adlrection opposite to that indicated bythe arrows;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 1 and showing part 'of the passages for conveying lubricating fluid from one cylinder to another;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1 showing thearrangement of passages for lubricating the outer portions of the connecting rod ball joints; l

Fig. 7 is a view taken on the line 1-1 of Fig: 1 and shows the thrust bearing construction, the fo'ur sectors, A, B, C, and D thereof showing four modied forms;

Fig. 8 shows a'piston provided with means for April 20, 1935, SerialNo. 17,409 Germany November 24, 1932 automatically balancing it against side pressure;

Fig. 9 `shows in cross-section one of the socket cups for the-ball and socket connecting rod joint together with its retaining ring;

Fig. 10 shows the cup as Viewed on the line iii- IB of Fig. 9;

Fig. llsho'ws one of these cups with a modied form of throttling pin therein; Y

Figs. 12, 13, 14 and lshow throttling pins of various cross-sections;

Fig. 16 shows the spherical face of the thrust bearing stator ring yof Fig. 1;

Fig. 1'7v shows a modified forml of means for transmitting lubricating oil to the bearing depressions shown in Figs. 3, 7 and 16; and

Fig. 18 is a View similar to Fig. 1 but taken in elevation and showing a preferred arrangement wherein the driving flange is somewhat displaced in phase from the cylinder block to provide easier starting and more eilicient operation.

'Fig 19 represents a modified form of piston construction.

Fig. 20 is a View similar to Fig. 1 but showing a. modiiied formiof lubricating device in which fluid is used to lubricate the uid supported thrust bearing and then to lubricate the piston rod i bearings.

Fig. 21 is a View looking left to right of theA rotating thrust bearing element of Fig. 20.

Fig. 22 shows in elevation a modied form of valve thrust plate. j

Fig. 23 shows a cross-section thereof'on line 23--23 of Fig. 22.

Fig. 24 shows a' further modication of valve thrust plate.

Referring to said drawings, the numeral 20 designates generally the driving member in the form of a shaft formed with a driving ange 2l and mounted for rotation in a imdy member 22 by means of radial ball bearings 23 and 24 and supported against endwise thrust by means of a special thrust bearing which will be described in greater detail later. The body member 22 is provided with a pair of extensions orarms 25 which may be bolted thereto as shown, or 'may be formed integral therewith if desired. These arms may be provided with integral or bolted on transverse strengthening connections as 251 and are formed with openings 26 to receive the journal portions 21 carried by the arm portions 26 ably of generally U-shaped or yoke form. This support is shown as provided with a bearing pin having a reduced portion fixed in the cylinder block support 29 (which will als'o be referred `to so of a cylinder block support 29, which is preferas the stator member) and having a bearing o portion 3| received in a central opening in the cylinder block 32 which is provided with a plural- ,ity of cylinder bores 33, ilve in the form illustrated. Each'of said cylinder borescontains a piston 34 which. is so constructed as to form-a suitable socket for the ball end 35 of a connecting rod 35, the other end of which is formed with a ball end 31 received in sockets inthe driving flange 2l. These sockets are preferably of special construction and may consist of cup members 33 formed -with a hemispherical seat 39 to receive one of the balls 31. Each ball is held in place by a ring 40, allof which are held in place by means of a ring 4| secured to the driving flange in any convenient manner as by lscrews 42. Any suitable means is provided for rotating the cylin-- der block 32 in unison with the shaft 20 which may consist of universal joint members 43 and 44 connected respectively with the shaft 20 and cylinder block 32 and connected to each other by means of a. connecting-shaft 45. v

The cylinder blocks 33 are provided with a cylinder port 331' of any suitable form, but prefery ports 4 -As shown in Figs. l2 and 3, there are deliveryl erably of the form shown in Fig. 4, which ports cooperate 'th the segmental intake and delivand 41 in the stator member 29.

passages 461 and 411 formed in the 'arms 28 and leading'out through the journals 21 and communicating with the exterior through suitable pipes which may be received in threads 46x-and 412 inthe members 463 and 413 respectively.

From the above description it will be readily understood that if the shaft 2li is rotated that the cylinder block\ 32 will be rotated in unison therewith through the universal joint connecting means described and that the pistons 34 will .be caused' to reciprocate within their cylinder bores, the extent of reciprocation depending upon the angle of oscillation of the cylinder block support yoke 29 relative to the shaft 20, the position of the yoke 29 being determined by suitable manual or other control mechanism attached for example tothe pin 291. If the support 29 is in the `central position there will be no, movement of the pistons in their" li der,N bores and if l oscillatedito either extre e position the piston displacement will be a m ximum. It will also be understood that as t e pistons are being moved outwardly (i. e., to4 the left/in Figs. l and 2) their` corresponding cylinder ports 331 will` be in communication with one of the` segmental ports 46 or 41, whereas while they are lmoving v ports-'45 or 41 and subsequently discharged through the other port 46 or 41 and thence through passage 451 or 411 anddelivered into any\ suitable receptacle. v

The means for lubricating Vthe, connecting rod ball joints will now be described. It will be noted that each of the pistons is formedwith anv opening 50 through its face, permitting oil 'under pres-` sure to be' delivered from the piston into the axial bore`5l yin each piston rod. Each piston is also preferably supplied with a check valve which may from the cylinder into the connecting rod by preo venting the delivery of oil from the connecting rod into the cylinder for a purpose to be described later. It is not new tolubricate the connecting rod balls of such pumps by means of oil delivered from the cylinders through an opening in the piston and in the connecting rod, but in all such devices known to the applicant the lubricating fluid utilized for lubricating the joints of a particular connecting rod was received from the corresponding cylinder. almost entirely ineffective because since the projected area of the connecting rod ball within the piston is necessarily smaller than the area ofthe piston itself and since the pressure upon the'iiuid is proportional to compressive stresses in the connecting rod, the unit pressureA of the fluid must necessarily be smaller than the unit` pressure as between the connecting rod ball and its seat within the piston. Any lubrication which occurs with a construction of that type is therefore mainly due/to a capillary action of the oil causing it to enter between the spherical surfaces. As this effect is very limited, such devices can operate only under low pressures and at low speeds.

. 'Ihe present invention includes an arrangement whereby oil from a. cylinder which at the moment is under pressure may be caused tol lu- .sage is connected the axial bore 5I in eachff connecting rod. I'his means is shown in greater detail in Figs. 5 and 9l5 inclusive.

Each of the cups 38 isvprovided with'a hemispherical seat 39 anda preferably center bore 52 with which communicates a generally radial bore 53 which, in turn, communicates with an annular groove 54 on the outer surface of the cup member 33. As will be seen in-Fig. 5, the operating flange is 'preferably provided`\ with a series of drilled passages 55, each of which communicates Awit-h at least two lof the annular grooves 54, the outer ends of said passages being closed as by plugs 551. It will be seen therefore that when a certain cylinder is under high pressure, uid therefrom will be forced through the opening 50, the bore 5| in its connecting rod, the bore 52, passage 53; a portion of groove 54, one of the drilledpassages 55, through a part of the annu- 'lar groove 54 of an adjoining cylinder, through ball joint 35 within the piston. Due to theaction of check valve 52 the fluid is prevented from `flowing lntothe cylinder under low pressure.. In

this way it will be seen that a piston under low Lpressure has its operating parts 'lubricated by iiuid from aQcylinder which 'at the moment is under higher pressure and that the clearances Y between the various working surfaces are entirely filled up with oil under pressure so that when instant later in the cycle compressive quires an appreciable time interval. In view of the speed at which thse devices operate the time interval is so short that the film is never forced out. Another and a most important result is that the presence of the oil film eliminates all shock which hasbeen experienced in devices as constructed heretofore dueto sudden reversal of y stresses.

It was discovered by the applicant that the4 pressure of the oil as delive/regdjthrough/passage 52 into the conrng/rdbearings was too high when theipump is used at high pressure. This Y. i/g.resulted in an excessive loss of oil at these points and excessive pressing of the ball 31 against the ring 4,0. In order to reduce the pressure below the pressure delivered by the pump the invention comprises a suitable throttlingmeans. In the X form shown in Fig. 9 this may comprise a throt- Ytlingpin vr56l more or less loosely positioned within the bore 53. This serves to greatly restrict the Although the above described throttling means results'in a substantial reduction in the oil pressure acting upon the terminal hemispheres of the balls, it has been found that this pressure tends to press the balls outwardly against the rings with suflicient pressure to create substantial friction and wear on the inner hemisphere of balls 31. To reduce this friction and wear means are preferably provided to assure adequate lubrication of the areas of contact between the ball 31 and the ring 46. This is preferably accomplished by forming the `cup 38 and/or ring 40 with an external annular groove andan internal anea-ch other at,..one or moreipoints by passages such as 62 (see Figs. 9 and 10).

By referring to Fig. 6 it will be noted that the nulargroove 6 I, which grooves communicate with. Y f' operating flange is provided with a series of drilled v passages 63, the ends of which are closed as by plugs 631, which passages communicate with the outer annular groove 6i! (see Fig. 9) and through passages 62 with the inner annularl groove 6 I. In other words, said passages 60, 62, and 63 provide an annular passage connecting with the spherical sockets.

area of the passage and to reduce the/prcs'sulpfacertam connectingrod is under compression it being understood of course that the oil flowing toward a particular connecting rod must flow by and it is therefore seated firmly against the cup member 38 and clearance is developed between two of these throttling pins, one pertaining/to the`4 abismal@ the ring Ml, that oil may flll this 30 cylinder at the moment under pressureand the other one to the cylinder under lower or minus pressure. The desired result could also be obtained b re g the bore of the passage to the required dimensionsmthcformshown 35 and described is preferably because there is less danger of clogging. It will be noted that the throttling pin 56 is capable of a slight longitudi-`- nal movement and as the flow of oil therethrough is reversed twice in each revolution, the pin is 4 shifted back and forth and thus particles of foreign matter do not become lodged within the restricted passage.

Fig. l1 shows a slightly modified form. The throttling pin 561 is shown as of about the same diameter as the bore but with one side thereof fiattened, as shown in Fig. 12. It will also be noted that the inner end 562 of the pin is cylindrical and forms a piston in an extension of the bore 53 beyond the center so that a dashpot is formed which limits the velocity of movement of the throttling pin. In this construction the throttling pin is formed with a reduced portion 561B opposite the bore 52 which may therefore be of smallerA diameter.v It will be notedwthatdimthe form shown in Fig. 9 the bore 52 is of a diameter larger than that of the bore 53 so as to assure that the passage will always remain open.

Fig. 13 shows a throttling pin 562 having its effective portion of square cross-section, thus pro- 60 viding a throttling area on four sides of the pin.

Fig. 14 shows a'similar construction wherein. thethrottling pin 563'is provided with a cut 564 -of suitable cross-section.

Fig.. 15 shows in cross-section the cylindrical pin 56 of Fig. 9.

The construction described above will assure that a limited quantity of voil is delivered at each revolution to each of the interconnecting rods at a time when they are. not under load but it is 70 assured that a certain quantitywill always be delivered'because the throttling efiectonly comes into-play when-the velocity of flow through the restricted sections acquires a certain'value and, therefore, results in corresponding pressure drops 7.5 according tothe well-known'laws of iiuid friction.

clearance spacewhicheoikiadelivered from one of the sockets which at that moment is not under compression, it being understood that tl'ielatyV passage 52, which pressure is sufficient to move that ball against its ring 40 and thereby permitting a small amount of oil to flow from 52 around the terminal hemisphere of the ball into groove 6L through passages 62, into groove 6U, and thence through the appropriate drilled passages 63. In this way oil under pressure is forced between the balls 31 and the ring 40 related to a certain cylinder while the related connecting rod is-under'compression. With this construction it will be readily apparent that adequate lubrication of the coacting surfaces of ring 40 and ball 31 is provided for and that since the clearance space is completely filled with oil under pressure the sudden application of tension toa connecting rod does not result in shock and impact as would otherwise be the case.

The improved construction of the bearing between the cylinder block and the stator face will now be described. It is desirable in pumps and "motors of this type to have the cylinder block 32 pressgainst the stator face with a substantial .pressure so as to reduce the leakage of oil, particularly from the high pressure port 46 or 41, to the outside. As the cylinder block rotates at high speed relative to the stator, the construction of the coacting surfaces is highly important. In my prior Patent 1,924,629, granted August 29, 1933, is disclosed and claimed a construction for this purpose and the construction about to be described is an improvement upon thev construction of my said prior patent. Referring to Fig. 3, sectors A to F show various modified forms, it being understood that in actual construction there may be a plurality of sectors which may all be of the type shown in any of the sectors A-F inclusive, or any combination thereof; Furthermore, in devices which are constructed to operate only in one direction and where one of thei It Will also be noted that whenever ter is under the pressure of oil coming in through"` will be. constructed in accordance with one of stantial area, from which area the oil is allowed the forms of embodiment disclosed. to exude from the joint between the cylinder 'Referring to sector A, it will be understood block and stator face at its outer edge. that 10 is a depression in the face of the stator All of the constructions just described pro- 5 of suitable area and adapted to receive `oil under vide oil supply throttling passages to distribution 5 pressure from the pressure port 41. 'In order to areas in such away that the distance between get-an automatic control ofthe pressure in dethe faces is automatically adjusted to assure pression 10, in accordance with the pressure in adequate lubrication and a minimum loss of port 41 and to provide an automatic adjustment lubricating oil, and the holes 11| and/or 141, 142,

l of therclearance between the cylinder block 32 143, 144, serve to flush out any foreign matter l0 and the stator face for reasons pointed out in which might otherwise tend to accumulate in greater detail in my Patent 1,924,629, a. throttling these ne passages. passage 1| of very small cross-sectional area. is It will be noted that in pumps and motors of provided from port 41 to`V depress-ion 10. As this type, particularly the larger size units when g l5 shown in sector A this is preferablurranged operating at yhigh speeds, the pistons will be l5 `circumferentiallygfonreasons to be presentlymxpressed against thecylinder walls by the action of tioned and is connectedwtport 41with achancentrifugaisforce. These forces may be many nel 12 and with depression 10 by channel 13. It times the weight of the pistonandmay result in ,llasfbeerr'fli'xdthatdue@the small cross-secsubstantial friction and therefore lo'ssn-eilicitional area of the throttling rooveiLthere is ency, as well as wearing of the cylinder and pistonV "aow x a likelihood that it will become clogged with`for\surfaces, resulting in leakage. The present ineign matter. To avoid this, the groove 1| is prefvention includes means for compensating for the erably arranged circumferentially and the cylincentrifugal forces by causing the oil under presder block is provided with a depression, such as sure in the cylinder to develop a greater total 14 (see Fig. 4) which is caused to sweep lengthpressure toward the centerY of oscillation than s. Ywise over the throttling groove 1| at each revoluaway from the center. As the piston is preferably tira'nd thereby' flush outany foreign matter. rceilggrotate in the cylinder this is best accomwhichv may be prese'it. If ,the particles are too v plished bymersormed'upon the piston and ar-v i large to be flushed out they will be ground to -ranged around its circumference. Referring to e V`80\smal1er size by the co-action of the edges of hole 8, the desired vresult may be obtained by 30 14 with the grooves 1A2 and 1 3. ya f/"i" means-of throttling grooves 80 arranged Sector B liszlt'i'cal with sector A except that generally licilrgmaliweferably prothe'd/ep ssion 10 is made smaller in area by provided with a series of circumferential banch Viiing an island" 15 therein, which island may grooves 8|, a plurality of these being arranged be slightly beveled at either or both ends to give eardundthe/cireumren'or ii'tlenstanceaf-/f a viscosity pump effect and thus build up an oil sh The arrow 82 (Fig. 8) represents an D film which will assist in supportin the th external force acting upon the piston which'may the operatic rpose of which will be clear either `be the weight of the piston, centrifug,al

r rence to my prior Patent 1,924,629. force, or the like. The dotted arrows/83fin'clicate o Sector C differs from sector A only in that the v the full pressure acting upon the Vhead of the 40 throttling groove 1|1 is arranged obliquely. With piston. The dotted arrows 84 indicate the pres-k this form of construction the hole 14 in the cylinsure acting upon the uppenside of the piston, der block may not cooperate with the full length the numeral 85 indicating the pressure gradient. of the groove 1|, and therefore it may be desir- The do eti-arrows 86 represent the pressure ,/4. Vabletoprovide'additin'aljholesJM1,andllaspirak/acting upon the bottom surface of the piston and 45 ly arranged with respect to hole 14. v Or, in the 81 represents the pressure gradient. Due to the alternative, a single hole 14a of larger radial diaction of the force 82, the piston is moved slight-A mension may be utilized. r ly downward relative to the cylinder so that a Sector D differs from sector/A in thatthe throtpassage is made available for the iiow of oil at tling groovew'lrlvsY is arrarged radially. It will be this point, the area of which is large in relation 50 "--f flushed by means of the spirally arranged holes to the cross-sectional area oil the throttling 14, 141, 142, or some equivalent construction, such groove 80, so that the pressure gradient 85 is as the groove 144. substantially a straight line. On the 1W In order to avoid the flow of oil directly from of the piston, however, the age-is/V small,

the pressure port 41 to the depression 10 a draviriA-/merely thethiclenessf/ an oil film so that its 55 ing groove 16 and 11 have been shown-.r--Y'Triis asarea is small in relation to that of the throttling sures that the oil pressure indepression 10 will be. groove 80.` Since the escape of oil at this side controlled almost entirelyby the throttling groove from the outermost groove 8| to the outer end 1|z. of the piston is very much restricted, due to the Sector E corresponds to sectorB insofar as the small clearance, the grooves 80 and 8| are, in 60 depression 10 contains an island 15 and the throtspite of their small cross-sectional area, able to tling groove 1| 2 correspondstothe groove in secsupply. suiiicient oil and since the quantity ilowtor D. ing away is small the velocity of flow in the groove Sector F shows another embodiment of the in- 80 is so low as to create substantially no reduction vention' wherein the throttling groove 1|; conin pressure due to fluid friction. Therefore, ns nects with a generally circ-umferentially arranged the pressure gradient 81 will be substantially groove 1|4 which may have a plurality of genparallel to the axis of the piston, as shown, its erally radially arranged grooves 1|5. All of these altitude being the Same aS that 0f the pressure may be of smally cross sectiona1 area, and thereindicated at 83. However, from the outermost fore be regarded as throttling conduits but it will groove 8| t0 the end of the piston the gradient 7o usually be advisable to form at least the grooves 81 drops rather rapidly to zero. It will be noted 1|5 and sometimes the groove 1|.; as of substantial that the area under the gradient 81 is substandimensions, the throttling beingv effected by tially greater than the area under the gradient grooves 1|3. It will be noted that the groovesl 85, the difference being just suilicient t'o -com- 1|. and 1|5 serve to distribute the oil to a subpensate for the force represented` by the arrow 7n artefice the lower side and therefore permit greater J escape of oil and thereby reduce the form of pressure gradient 81 to something like that shown in the dotted line 811, and vice versa.

While this form of piston construction is highly desirable in pumps and motors of this type it is to be understood that it is applicable generally in other relations. For example, it may be used in large pumps having horizontally moving pistons to compensate for the weight of the piston or itmay be used in monometers and other pressure responsive devices wherein it frequently occurs that the pressure wedges the` piston against one side of the cylinder, creating substantial friction resulting in loss of sensitiveness, wear, leakage, etc., all of which is eliminated by the construction shown and described.

In pumps and motors of this type it is, of course, essential to provide a thrust bearing to support the thrust of the connecting rods against the operating flange 2l and shaft 2G'. While ball thrust bearings are suitable in smaller machines operating at relatively low speeds, 'the action of centrifugal force upon the balls at high speeds creates additional friction and wearwhich shortens the life of such machines. To overcome these diiculties the invention includes an oil pressure compensated thrust bearing. Referring to Fig. 1, the shaft 2@ has rigidly attached thereto a collar Si! which, under the thrust of the pistons, is caused to bear against a non-rotary collar SI, one face 92 of which is preferably plane and cooperates with the plane face 93 on collar Sil. The other face of collar 9| Yis preferably formed with a spherical face 94 cooperating with a spherical seat 95 in the stationary member 22. It is .desirable to make these coacting surfaces of spherical form because due to errors in manufacture and due to deections in the shaft, the radial bearings, etc., it would otherwise be difficult to assure a proper seating of the collar Soagainst the collar SI. The spherical abutment if properly lubricated as described hereinafter will permit a limited adjustment of the stationary collar QI relative to the body member 22. To prevent rotation of the collar @I it is preferably provided with a pin 9,6 loosely tting in a recess 9'! in the member 22 so that slight rocking is permitted but rotation prevented. In the form shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, one of the collars, QI in the form shown, is provided with suitable fluid pressure, balancing devices such as the depression |00, which depression is filled vwith fluid such as oil under pressure. This may be supplied by means of a conduit Illl (Figs. 1, 1A, and '7) connecting with an annular passage 02 provided in the edge of the-collar Si and'closed by means of the band Iil3. Oil under pressure is'supplied to conduit lill as by a separate oil pump or by connecting it with the pressure side of the pump. Connecting with said annular passage IGZ are preferably a series of radial drilled passages I 05 connecting with passages B05, as shown in sectors A, B, #and C, of Fig. 7. In

the forni shown in sector A of Fig. 7, a throttling groove IDG leads from the passage |05 to the depression I, serving to maintain,an appropriate oil pressure within said depression and between 7the'surfaces so as to assure adequate lubrication and operation of the'surfaces and so hydraulically balance the thrust .and with a .minimum loss of fluid. The effect of the throttllng groove is the same as in connection with the cylinder block and stator described hereinabove in connection with Fig. 3. Draining grooves I'l and. |08, as shown in sectorA of Fig. 7, may also be provided.' Sector B shows a similar construction except that no throttling groove is present but passage IUS emerges through an island IUS located within the depression |00. Thevery limited areabetween the top of the island and the face 93 of the collar Sil restricts the flow of uid Iand thereby creates the same effect as the throttling groove |06. Sector C shows an -arrangement similar to sector B except that a throttling groove IIUa is formed in the island` |09 to facilitate distribution of the uid. Sector D shows a depression Ilil formed with islands i992 and H393 therein which islands are preferably formed at one or both ends with a slightly inclined section I I I to produce a viscosity pump effect, causing oil to be drawn between the islands andthe cooperating face 93 of the collar 9G. It is, of course, understood that all or only the required portions of collar 9i may be provided with suitable oil pressure compensating devices such as shown in one of the sectors A, B, C, or D of Fig. 7, or that various forms thereof may be used in combination.

The band ID3 referred to above is preferably shrunk in place in order to assure a tight lit. Fig. 1A shows a slightly modified form in which the annular depression i021 is made somewhat deeper and is closed up by means of a ring |031 of copper, lead, or the like, which is peened in place. In. this case the tube I di would be connected directly Ato the collar il! and connected to the annular channel |021 by means of a drilled passage H322.

By reference to Fig. I it will be noted that the'v collar do is preferably formed with a drilled hole i661 which sweeps over the Various throttling `grooves IIIS and/or iid (Figq) .and serves to remove therefrom any foreign matter which might otherwise collect therein.

In order to assure adjustment of the collar SI relative to its spherical seat, it is desirable to provide proper lubricating and pressure compensating means. To this end, as is shown in Figs. l and Id, the convex face SQ of the collar 9i, .may be formed with a series of depressions I Ill (see Fig. 16) which also receive oil from the annular passage M2 as through drilled passages III preferably connected to radial passages IM. The passage i II is connected with the depression Il@ by a suitable groove II2 which may, if desired, be a throttling groove, although this is not erally longitudinal bore I2I connecting with vone of the drilled passages 55, as shown in Fig. 2, the oil being distributedv to the depressions Ia in the same manner as described above in connection with Fig, l. delivered to depressions I Ill in the convex face of collar SI1 as by means of passages l22 which may connect with the depressions |001; in the rotating collar 901.

Fig. 1'? shows another modified form of devicel Similarly, oil pressure may beA itffor transferring lubricating liquid to one of the pressure compensating depressions such as 10, |00, and H0, described above. The depression in this case being indicated by the numeral |30.

The numeral |3| designates, for example, the stasurfaces and theirconsequent destruction. The

tionary member whereas |32 designates the movable member. Oil under pressureis supplied to passage |33.,y 'I'he member.. |32 may be provided piston |35 biased downwardly by means of spring |35 abutting for example against a-plug or ring |31.v It will be noted that as the port |38 connected with the cylinder comes into registration with the pressure passage |33, the piston will be driven upwardly against spring |36 whereby a quantity of oil under pressure isreceived within the cylinder, which oil is carried over into the depression |30, the pressure in which is adjusted to a value predetermined by the pressure in passage |33, strength of spring |36 and the area of the piston |35.

Fig. 18 illustrates a preferred arrangement of the relationship between the driving ilange 2| and the cylinder block 32. Instead of having the spherical socket in the driving flange located in the plane of the axis of the cylinder bore, it has been found desirable in some cases to displace the cylinder block somewhat out of phase. It will be noted that the pistons designated 36 and 361 do not overlap as seen in Fig. 18, although their outer ends are located in the same horizontal plane. The same is true of the fpistons designated 352 and 363. 'I'his results in a more favorable angle of., operation whether the device be used as a pump or as motor.

Fig. i9 shows a modified form of piston construction especially for large size pump operating under high. pressure. For 'these large pumps it has been found desirable to make the cylinder block of steel. As steel will not operate'properly on steel the pistons must be made of some other material. For smaller devices'it is possible to make the pistons of bronze. However, this is out of the question with larger devices on account of thermal expansion which is much greater for bronze than for steel or cast iron. Cast iron pistons will not operate properly in steel cylinders rings |4| of Babbitt metal or the like.

since the small parts of the cast iron are welded upon the steel. These difficulties have been overcome in accordance with the form of invention illustrated in Fig.` 19 in which the piston 341 which may be of iron or steel is formed with one or more dove-tail grooves |40 within which are These rings are cast or hammered into place. If cast in place it may be desirable to form the piston with a number of holes |42 which permit the4 escape of air during the casting in process and for anchor pins |43 which provide a firm anchoring of the Babbitt metal ring. 'I'his casting in is preferably done before the piston is turned down to final size. When the yturning operation is finally performed the iron or steel parts of the piston will be of the same diameter as the Babbitt metal parts, presenting a continuous, smooth cylinder, the surface of which consists alternately of iron or steel and Babbitt metal. If the pressure compensating grooves shown in Fig. 8

.are used it is desirable to have the transverse branches 8| thereof formed in the iron or steel parts. If they are placed within the Babbitt metal ring sections there is a possibility that they -will be closed up. The longitudinal portions 80 of the groove will extend through one or more of the the iron or steel is removed from the. piston a small amount of Babbitt metal is depositedthereon. This prevents the welding of the working reason for this .is based on the theory discovered by applicant that an alloy of tin and iron has very little strength. In any event, steel or iron surfaces lubricated with Babbitt metal never adhere firmly. This construction has the advantage over pistons covered entirely with Babbit metal in that the pistons are not so easily scratched or eroded since hard foreign material, the presence of which can never be entirely avoided, will be comminuted between the iron surfaces. Any resulting particles which are not Washed away are pressed into the Babbitt metal and thereby become harmless. After operation, examination with the microscope shows hundreds of particles of foreign material imbedded within the babbitt.

.Instead of Babbitt met-al, copper and particularly soft lead coppercan be used which may either be cast in place or hammered in.

Fig. 20 shows a form of construction generally similar Vto Fig. 1 `with the exception of the arrangement for lubricating. In this case the connecting rod ball joints are lubricated from an external source of pressure, such as a separate lubricating pump or from the pressure side of the pump itself, but instead of being communicated directly from the cylinder through the piston, the lubricant is delivered, in the form shown, from the iluid supported thrust bearing.

As in the form of Fig. 1, oil is suppliedto the device through any suitable passage as the tube where it is applied by the means shown in Fig. l, to lubrica'te the spherical engaging surface between the stationary thrust bearing memberv 9| and the body member 22. As inthe construction shown in Fig. 1, oil from conduit |0| is led into annular passage |02 through a series of radial passages |04, thence through passages throttling grooves ||2 (Fig. 16) to the bearing depressions ||0. Through the passages oil is led to the depressions |00 in the rotating thrust 'bearing collar 90 by means of one of the forms of construction shown in Fig. 7. bring some of this oil under pressure to the connecting rod bearings the collar 90 is shown as formed with an axial passage |50 (Figs. A20 and 21) which connect with an annular passage |5| .with the passage 52 which connects with the bore 5| in the connecting rods. It will be noted that the piston 342 in this form is not perforated so that this lubricating oil cannot pass through the piston into the cylinder. It will be noted, however, that as the oil in tube 0| is constantly unlder pressure that the connecting rod ball joints will at all times be subjected to oil under pressure which at those moments when the connectn ying rods are not under load will penetrate between. the 'bearing surfaces to assure adequate lubrication and elimination of shock and vibra-- tion. It will be noted that due to the many ref\ strictedJ passages through which the oil passes In order to Vfills the depression 63.

it will, in most cases, not bey necessary to provide thethrottling pin 56 in the passage 53.

In order to provide a suitable passage for the ,oil from one of the depressions to the passage i@ (Fig. 20), the construction shown in Fig. 2l may be desirable wherein the collar @il is shown as provided with one or more generally radial grooves |56 partly overlying the depressions lll@ With the arrangement just described it will bey noted that lubricating huid is caused to lubricate and balance the thrust of a thrust bearing and through said bearing to be transferred to the rotating elements ofthe device from which'it is carried tothe connecting rods for lubricating the joints thereof. y

In the form shown in Figs. 22' and 23the n morals d6 and 4l, as in Fig. 3, represent segmental intake and delivery ports. As shown, a generally annular sealing surface lli is provided outwardly o said ports and an external sealing ange iti may also be provided- Located between said members lEil and Il is a generally annular depression H63 providedwith a large number'of islands, 62, the tops of which are preferably in the same `plane as members it@ and il. If desired, a similar arrangement may be provided inside of the ports asv by the sealing surface, IE6, depression` 665, and islands 66 formed therein. Under certain circumstances it may be desirable to provide a drain passage I6?. If this is not provided the oil within depression it will be under more or less pressure. The islands are separated circumferentially by a series of radial grooves i631. The operation of the device is as follows:

A certain amount of oil exudes from between surfaces i6@ and the end of the cylinder block E52 or other member rotating relative thereto and lt has been proposed heretofore to furnish bearing surfaces with bevelleled leading edges to cause oil to be drawn between the relatively moving surfaces by the effect of viscosity. It has been found that by using a largevnumber of such islands the necessity for bevelling the leading edges is obviated. This is due either to the accumulative eect of the large number oi" leading edges or to the iact that inaccuracies in manufacture, which are probably entirely unavoidable, provide a degree of bevelling to the leading edges which, even though microscopic, is suiclentfor the purpose when a large number of such islands or bearing surfaces ar provided. L l Fig. 24-shows thrust plate bearing surfaces substituted for the elements l5 of Fig. 3, E09, i091, i092, of Fig` 7, and/or |62 of Fig. 22 in which said vsurfaces or islands are formed generally cyother in such a way as to involve a hydraulic displacement.

While I have herein shown and described only certain embodiments of certain features of my present invention it is to be understood that they are to be regarded merely as illustrative and that I do not intend to limit myself thereto except as may be required by the following claims.

I claim: l-. A hydraulic displacement device adapted to pump or to be operated by a fluid comprising in combination a rotatable shaft serving to operate a disc having a plurality of seats, a cylinder block formed with 'a like plurality of cylinder bores and having its axis at an angle to said disc, pistons within said cylinder bores, a piston rod for each of said pistons articulated at one end to its piston and at its other end to said disc inthe seats thereof and means for conducting lubricating fluid from a cylinder which at the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of thepiston rod of a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure comprisingv an annular passage Within said disc and to which are connected passages leading through each of said piston rods and said pistons and communicating with said articulations, a thrust bearing for said shaft comprising engaging surfaces, and means for lubricating said surfaces comprising a passage connecting with said annular passage.

2. A hydraulic displacement device adapted to pump or to be operated by a fluid comprising in combination a rotatable shaft serving to operate a disc having a plurality of seats, a cylinder block formed with a like plurality of cylinder bores and having its axis at an angle to said shaft,

pistons within said cylinder bores, a piston rod for each of said pistons articulated at one end to its-piston and at its other end to said disc in the seats thereof and means for conducting lubricating fluid from a cylinder which at the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of the piston rod of a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure comprising an annular passage within said disc and to which are connected passages leading through each of said piston rods and communicating with said articulations, a thrust bearing for said shaft comprising engaging surfaces, and means for lubricating said surfaces by oil under pressure and means for conducting oil from said thrust bearing to said annular passage.

3. A hydraulic displacement" device comprising in combination a plurality of cylinders,` a piston in each of said cylinders, an operating mechanism .for said pistons so constructed and arranged that when one piston is under high pressure another is under lower pressure, a piston rod for each piston articulated to said piston on one end and to the common operating means at the other end, and means for conducting fluid from a cylinder which at the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of the piston rod of a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure, said conducting" means comprising a 4passage a part oi which lies within said common operating means, and a second passage-within said common operating means serving to conduct fluid to those portions of the articulations of the piston rods which are in ContactY durlngthe suca disc having a plurality of seats, a cylinder block formed with a like plurality of cylinder bores and having its axis at an angle to said shaft, pistons within-said cylinder bores, a piston rod for each ol" said pistons articulated at one end to its piston and at `its other end tov said d isc in the seats thereof and means for conducting lubricating nuid from a cylinder which at the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of the piston rod of a cylinder which at the moment is y under lower pressureg comprising an annular passagewithin said disc and to which are connected passages leading through each of said piston rods and said pistqns'and a second annular passage formed within said disc' and passages leading therefrom to conduct lubricating fluid to those portions of the piston rodarticulations which are under pressure during the suction stroke. y f

5. A hydraulic displacement device comprising in combination a plurality of cylinders, a piston in each of said cylinders, common means for operating said pistons relative to said cylinders in such a way that when one cylinder is under high pressure another is under lower pressure, said means comprising piston rods articulated at one end to their respective pistons and at the other end to said common operating meansk and means for conducting vsaid -fluid from a cylinder which at the moment is under high pressure to lubricate the articulations of the piston rods for the piston of another cylinder which is under lower pressure, said conducting means comprising a passage a part of which liesin one 'of said plsvtons and to piston rod, said Apassage comprising a plurality of intersecting drilled passages within said common operating means, the outer ends of which drilled passages are closed by plugs.

6. A hydraulic displacement device adaptedlto pump or to be operated by a uid comprising in combination a rotatable shaft serving to op.

erate a disc having a plurality of seats, a `cylinder block formed with -a like plurality of cylinder bores, and having its axis at an angle to .said shaft, pistons within said cylinder bores, a

piston rod for each of said pistons articulated at j one end to its piston-and at its otherv end to said l a cylinder block having a plane face abuttingdiscI in the seats thereof, and means for conducting lubricating fluid fromv a cylinder which at the moment is under 'high pressure to. the articula,v

tions of the'pston rod of a cylinder 'which at the moment is under lower pressure comprising an annular passage within said disc and to whichv are connected passages leading through each of said piston rods said annular passage comprising a plurality of intersecting drilled passages the outer ends of which are closed by plugs.

7. In a device of the character described, a stator provided with a plane face and having inlet and outlet ports opening through said face, one of said ports being for fluid under pressure,

and coacting with the stator face, said cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders formed thereixr which open by ports through said plane face, and pistons in said cylinders, said stator being formed with depressions inits` plane face in spaced relation to said pressure port and throttling conduits extending from said pressure port to each of said depressions whereby uid under pressure ismaintained in said depressions,

andmeans 'on said cylinder block for removing foreign matter from said throttling conduits.

i 8. In a device of the character described, a

statonarotating member bearing against said l stator, said statorbeing formed with a depression therein facing toward said rotating member, a source of 'iluid under pressure and a conduit leading from said iluid source to said depression, said conduit being of relatively restricted area. so as to throttle the ilow of liquid therethrough, and means on said rotating memagainst said stator member, a source of iiuid under pressure, one of said members being formed with a throttling vconduit leading from said fluid source and serving to deliver iluid between said members, and means on said rotating member for removing foreign matter from said throttling conduit.

`11. 'In a device of the kind described, a stator provided with .a plane face and having inlet and outlet ports opening through said face; one of said ports being for fluid under pressure, a cylinder block having a plane face abutting and coacting with the stator face, said cylinder block having a plurality' of cylinders formed therein whichv open by ports through said plane face, vand pistons in said cylinders, said stator being `formed with' depressions in its plane face in spaced relation to said pressure port and throttling grooves extending from said pressure port Ato each of said depressions whereby uid under pressure is maintained in said depressions, and means on said cylinder block'for removing for,- eign matter from said throttlinggrooves.

12. In a device of the character described,

.a stator inember, a' rotating member bearing against said stator member, a source of fluid under pressure, one of said ,members being formed with a throttling grOOve leading from said fluid source and serving to deliver-fluid be- Itween 'said members, and means on said rotating member for' removing foreign matter from said throttling groove.

13. In a device of the kind described, ai stator provided with a plane face and having inlet and l outlet ports opening through said face, one of said ports being for uid under pressure, a cyllnder block having a plane face abutting andl ccacting with the stator face, said cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders formed therein which open by ports through said plane face, and pistons in said cyunqers, said stator being forme with depressions in its planeface in spaced relation to said pressure port and throttling grooves extending from said pressure port to each of ysaid depressions whereby fluid under pressure is maintained in said depressions, and means on said cylinder block for removing foreign matter from said throttling grooves said means comprising a recess in said cylinder block in line with said throttling grooves.

14. In a 'device oi the character described, a4

stator member, a rotating member bearing against said stator, member, a source of nuid under pressure,I onot said. members being formed with avv throttling groove leading from said aismss fluid source and serving to d'eliver fluid between said members, and means on saidrotating member for removing foreign matter from said throttling groove, said means comprising a recess in said other member in line with said throttling groove.

15. A hydraulic displacement device comprispiston in each of said cylinders, an operating mechanism for said pistons so constructed and arranged that when one piston is under high pressure another is under lower pressure, a piston rod for each piston articulated to said piston on one end and to the common operating means at the other end, and means for conducting uid from a cylinder which vat the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of the piston rod of a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure, said conducting meansqcomprising a passage a part of which is formed with a restricted throttling section.

16. A hydraulic displacement device comprising in combination a plurality of cylinders, a v

piston in each of said cylinders. common means for operating said pistons relative to said cylinders in such a way that when one cylinder is under high pressure another is under lower pressure, and means for conducting said fluid from a cylinderv which at the moment is under high pressure to lubricate the operating means for the piston of another cylinder which is under lower pressure, said conducting means comprising a passage a part of which lies in one of said pistons, said passage comprising'a plurality oiintersecting drilled passages, the outer ends of which are closed by plugs, land a longitudinally 4movable throttling pin located in one oi said passages.

17. A hydraulic displacement device comprising in combination a plurality oi cylinders, a piston in each oi' said cylinders, an loperating pressure another is under lower pressure, a piston rod for each piston articulated to said piston on one end and to the common operating means at the otherend, and means for conducting duid -rod of a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure, said conducting means comprising aeapartofwhichisiormedwitha restricted throttling section comprising a longifromacylinderwhichatthemornentisunderv highpressuretothearticulaticnsoithepiston tudinally movable throttling pin located in, said ing in combination a plurality of cylinders, a f passag e. 18. A hydraulic displacement device comprising in combination a plurality of cylinders, a piston in each of said cylinders, an operating mechanisrniorsaidpistonssoconstructedandarranged that when one piston is under high plessure another is under lower preure, a piston for each piston articulatedto said piston on one end and to the common operating meam at the other end, and means for conducting lubricating uid to the articulations of said piston rods comprising a iiuid passage having a restricted section and means for alternating the :dow o! uid in said passage whereby the accumulation o( foreign matter in said restricted section is prevented. f

19. A hydraulic t device ada to pump or to be operated by a iiuid comprising in combination a rotatable shalt serving to operate a disc having a plurality of seats, a cylinder block liormed with a like plurality oi cylinder bores and having its axis atan angle to said disc, pistons within said cylinder bores, a piston rod for each 0f said pistons articulated at one end t0 its piston -fluid from a cylinder whichl at the moment is under high pressure to the articulations of the piston rod oi' a cylinder which at the moment is under lower pressure comprising an annular passage within said disc and to which are connected passages leading through each o! said piston rods and communicating with said articulations, a

' thrust bearing for said shaft comprising engaging surfaces, and means for lubricating said sur- Y faces comprising a passage connecting with said 

